The purpose of this study was to investigate the individual differences of employees (personality traits and demographic characteristics) as predictors of counterproductive work behavior (CWB) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The population of this study included employees of Tehran Urban and Suburban Railway Operation Co. The research method adopted in this study was survey and the main tool for data collection was questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS. Results indicated that demographic characteristics (except educational level) as well as Personality traits impact on both CWB and OCB. We also found no relationship between CWB, extraversion and openness to experience but positive relationship between CWB and neuroticism, and negative relationship between CWB and conscientiousness. The results of this study also indicated positive relationship between OCB, extraversion and conscientiousness but no relationship between OCB and other personality traits. According to this study, since the covert CWBs and those who express such behaviors are hard to known, an examination of the antecedents of such behaviors was proposed.

Individual housing is known as powerful factor in making chronic stress and many researches have shown its relation with high risk of mortality and negative health consequences on human and other spices with social life from some complications like weight increasing, diabetes, harmonic disorders.In this research, mice (14 male, 14 female) divided into group and individually housed and the effects of 4 week Individual housing on food intake in mice was considered by utilized food weighing.Based on results, the received food in individual male & female mouse was less than group mouse as meaningful.Individually housed Male mice, in the 1st & 4th week have received less food in relation to group housed. But about food intake, individually housed female mice in the 1st & 4th weeks, the result was similar to individual male mice and their taking rate food was less than group female mice as meaningful.Received food rate of individually housed Male mice was less than individually housed female mice as meaningful that shows more effect of individual life on male mice.More researches are suggested to recognize mechanisms and also prevented methods, pharmaceutical& nonpharmaceutical treatments, complications from individual housing and social isolation.

Developing and retaining talent is critical to helping organizations compete effectively. Accordingly, the implementation of a strategic talent management system to invest in a talented group can turn members' job interpretation into their individual mission. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of strategic talent management system on each of the variables of entrepreneurial behavior, voice and individual mission and also the mediating role of individual mission on each of the relationships.This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of method. The statistical population of the study includes 480 faculty members of Yazd University in the fall of 2019. According to Cochran's formula, the number of samples was estimated to be 213. A standard questionnaire with a Likert scale of five was used to collect data. Data were statistically analyzed using Smart PLS 3 software.The findings of statistical software showed that out of 5 existing hypotheses, 4 hypotheses have been confirmed. In fact, the strategic talent management system has a positive effect on entrepreneurial behavior and individual mission of employees. In addition, the effect of the strategic talent management system and the entrepreneurial behavior of employees, as well as the effect of the strategic talent management system and the voice are improved by the individual's sense of individual mission.The results showed that the strategic talent management system has an important effect on the entrepreneurial behavior of people in the university; This system also leads to motivation to develop talent in creative environments. Employee voices make constructive changes. These changes improve individual and organizational performance and lead to innovation and creativity.Strengthening and expanding the voice of the staff at the university opens the way to growth and progress towards a higher future.

In Direct Tax Act, penalties and incentives are two strategies for realization of the expected tax revenues. In this study the interaction between individual businesses taxpayers' behaviors and National Tax Administration is investigated by using prospect theory which is based on behavioral economics approach. For this purpose, the structure of the tax compliance of the mentioned taxpayers is evaluated via the changes in penalty and incentive rates. In this way, a special questionnaire regarding the items of individual businesses sector of Direct Tax Act was designed for tax compliance evaluating and the results obtained using Bayesian Hierarchical method. The results indicate that the investigated individual business taxpayers, at all income levels were more sensitive toward incentive rates, so that this result can be useful for tax policymakers.

In this paper, an interactive model for individual normal behaviour of drivers is presented in which the mutual effect of vehicles has been incorporated. Temporal features obtained from vehicles tracking and their motion history is utilized for generating a model of normal behaviour. Because of nonstationarity of behavior, Hidden Markov Model has been used for interactive model. This model has three main parts. The first part is the history of antecedent trajectory which for this purpose has proposed a Centers Transition Matrix (CTM) that is some type of spatia-temporal information-data bank from motions seen in the old frames. The second part is based on the linguistic features or motion recognition of vehicles, these motions contain forward, turn right and left, lane changing to right and left motion. The third part is constituted from low level features which contain Velocity and distance to neighbor object. Also CTM is efficient in search at similar blob in image sequences and it can determine the radius and region of search. This top-down feedback caused an increment of performance of RLS tracker and object searching. In the presented system, we obtained a 81.2% membership rate to normal model. Also types of motion are recognized using HMM with a recognition rate of up to 82.7%. Prediction error is reduced on many vehicles trajectory by at least 80% using a feedback system.